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Review of Artificial Intelligence in Education from 2020 to 2025

● high · 2025-10-31ai-education, systematic-review, personalized-learning, generative-ai, learning-analytics, intelligent-tutoring, ai-literacy, adaptive-learning

Synthesis: Raza & Farooq (2025) conduct a comprehensive content analysis of AI in education from 2020-2025, examining 100+ peer-reviewed articles through a three-layer framework: the genome layer (infrastructure, algorithms), the cognitive layer (predictive analytics, multimodal sensing, discourse analysis), and the symbiotic layer (learning platforms, smart classrooms, GenAI copilots). Three forward trends identified: human-AI co-orchestration, privacy-preserving edge/federated AI, and authentic multimodal assessment.

Three-Layer Framework

This review organizes AIED research into three interrelated layers:

  • Genome Layer: The foundational elements — instructional customs, evaluation practices, digital tools, and algorithmic schemas that underpin AI in education.
  • Cognitive Layer: Instructional mechanisms including personalized learning via measure-model-adapt loops, predictive analytics, Multimodal sensing, discourse and affect analysis.
  • Symbiotic Layer: End-to-end implementations including learning platforms, smart classrooms, automation of processes, and generative AI copilot systems.

    • Key Findings

  • 100+ peer-reviewed articles examined, covering empirical and analytical studies
  • Three forward trends: (1) human-AI co-orchestration as default classroom pattern; (2) privacy-preserving, edge/federated AI; (3) authentic multimodal assessment via Generative AI simulations
  • Effects summarized on learning outcomes, engagement, teacher workload, and institutional adoption
  • Actionable guidance for researchers, practitioners, and system leaders

    • Implications

    This review provides a structured map of the AIED landscape during the LLM era (2020-2025), useful as a reference point for AI Education. The three-layer framework connects to Learning Analytics, Intelligent Tutoring, and Adaptive Learning research, while the forward trends align with discussions in AI Governance Education and institutional AI readiness.

    Connected Concepts

  • AI Education
  • Personalized Learning
  • Generative AI
  • Learning Analytics
  • Intelligent Tutoring
  • Adaptive Learning
  • Multimodal
  • Edtech Platform
  • AI Governance Education

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  • Zerkouk Comprehensive Review ITS 2025
  • GenAI Meta Analysis Programming Learning

    • Citation

    Raza, S. H., & Farooq, A. (2025). Review of Artificial Intelligence in Education from 2020 to 2025. EdArXiv. doi:10.35542/osf.io/6bnez_v1.