Artificial intelligence in vocational education and training: A systematic review of educational purposes, theoretical conceptualizations, and empirical effectiveness

Created: 2026-08-01 | Tags: professional-trainingefficacy-studyintelligent-tutoringgenerative-aiadaptive-learning

Authors: Viola Deutscher, Herbert Thomann, Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, Ulrike Weyland, Stephan Abele, Amory H. Danek, Samuel Greiff, Andreas Rausch, Susan Seeber, Jürgen Seifried, Esther Winther Source: Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol 11, 100628 — Open Access (CC BY 4.0)

Key Findings

First systematic review of AI in vocational education (26 studies, 2015-2026). Intelligent XR shows consistent positive effects on procedural competence; ITS foster declarative and procedural knowledge; AI chatbots support self-regulation. Only 5 randomized experimental studies found. Documents a paradox: constructivist theories are espoused but behaviorist AI implementations dominate. Warns against an educational 'Turing Trap' of replicating human instruction instead of augmenting human judgment.

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